Effect of austempering conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 steels

AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 are normally used for different structural applications in quenched and tempered state due to their high strength, high abrasion and fatigue resistance but they lack toughness.Presence of dual phase microstructure such as ferrite-bainite and ferrite-martensite in steels have been reported to improve toughness but at the cost

read more

Spatio-Temporal Variability of Anthropogenic and Natural Wrack Accumulations along the Driftline: Marine Litter Overcomes Wrack in the Northern Sandy Beaches of Portugal

Marine litter can end up deposited on sandy beaches and become entangled in the natural wrack, threatening its roles in ecosystems.However, it is currently unknown whether the storage of both artificial and natural accumulations on sandy beaches is correlated.Here, we quantified and compared, by first time, the litter and natural wrack on five sand

read more